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What gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body?

  1. Thyroid gland

  2. Pituitary gland

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. Pineal gland

The correct answer is: Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" due to its essential role in regulating the body's various processes. It secretes hormones that directly or indirectly affect almost every other gland in the body, including the thyroid, adrenal, and pineal gland. While the other options are also important and play a role in physiological processes, they do not have the same level of influence on the body as the pituitary gland. Therefore, the correct answer is B.